Epigenetic Biomarker

Epigenetic biomarkers encompass DNA methylation patterns, histone modifications, and chromatin accessibility states predicting disease risk, treatment response, and prognosis independent of underlying DNA sequences. Aberrant methylation signatures characterise malignant cells distinguishing cancers from normal tissues. Circulating tumour DNA methylation patterns detected in blood provide non-invasive disease monitoring. Diagnostic applications employ methylation panels predicting treatment sensitivity across cancer types.

Therapeutic targeting of epigenetic biomarkers employs DNA methyltransferase inhibitors and histone deacetylase inhibitors reversing aberrant modifications. Patient stratification based on epigenetic profiles optimises treatment selection improving therapeutic outcomes. Longitudinal biomarker monitoring detects treatment response preceding radiological assessment. Emerging therapies combining epigenetic modifiers with immunotherapy enhance anti-tumour responses. Clinical validation of epigenetic biomarkers strengthens personalised medicine approaches enabling precision oncology strategies.