Health Economic Modelling

Health economic modelling quantitates cost-effectiveness of pharmaceutical interventions justifying treatment investments. Cost-utility analysis calculates quality-adjusted life-year costs. Budget impact models forecast healthcare system costs. Markov models predict long-term disease progression. Sensitivity analysis explores model robustness to parameter changes.

Regulatory submissions increasingly include health economic data. Reimbursement decisions depend on cost-effectiveness thresholds. Patient access programmes address affordability concerns. Post-approval monitoring tracks real-world costs. Emerging value frameworks align prices with clinical benefit.