UV-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis)

UV-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis) refers to an analytical technique measuring absorption of ultraviolet and visible light by molecules, providing quantitative and qualitative information about concentration, purity, and molecular characteristics. Many compounds absorb light at characteristic wavelengths due to electronic transitions, enabling detection and quantification using Beer-Lambert law relationships. UV-Vis spectroscopy is widely used due to its simplicity, speed, and compatibility with diverse sample types.

The biopharmaceutical industry employs UV-Vis spectroscopy throughout development and manufacturing for concentration measurement of proteins, nucleic acids, and small molecules. Protein concentration determination uses absorbance at 280 nm, while nucleic acid quantification uses 260 nm with purity ratios indicating contamination. UV-Vis detection integrates into chromatography systems for monitoring elution profiles and assessing impurity presence. Method validation ensures linearity, accuracy, and appropriate sample handling to avoid scattering effects from particulates or aggregates. Regulatory submissions may include UV-Vis methods supporting release testing and process monitoring. As analytical throughput demands increase and rapid measurements remain valuable, UV-Vis spectroscopy continues serving as a foundational tool supporting biopharmaceutical quality control and characterisation across development and commercial manufacturing.